Reading the retatrutide file: what the liver-fat trials actually measured.
Pharmacy Retatrutide

SOURCES FILE

Retatrutide references: every citation used on this site.

Phase 1 through Phase 2 trials, structural biology, systematic reviews, and recent publications — with DOIs and PubMed links.

Read the researchBack to overview

Clinical trial literature

All citations are listed in references_index below. Key trial anchors:

[1] Jastreboff AM et al. (2023) — the pivotal 48-week Phase 2 obesity trial. N Engl J Med 389(6):514-526.

[2] Rosenstock J et al. (2023) — 36-week Phase 2 type 2 diabetes trial. Lancet 402(10401):529-544.

[4] Urva S et al. (2022) — Phase 1b first-in-human PK/PD study. Lancet 400:1869-1881.

[5] Sanyal AJ et al. (2024) — Phase 2a MASLD liver-fat substudy. Nature Medicine 30:2037-2048.

For the full Retatrutide research reading organized by study, see the research page.

  1. Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. ↗
  2. Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. ↗
  3. Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Yuan Q, Li W, Zhao F, Xu HE, Zhao LH, Yang D, Wang MW. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77. ↗
  4. Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, Du Y, Thomas MK, Gurbuz S, Haupt A, Benson CT, Hernandez-Illas M, D'Alessio DA, Milicevic Z. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869-1881. ↗
  5. Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, Brouwers B, Wu Q, Thomas MK, Harris C, Schloot NC, Du Y, Mather KJ, Haupt A, Hartman ML. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037-2048. ↗
  6. Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. ↗
  7. Rodriguez N, et al. Antiobesity medications in adult and pediatric obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Pharmacological Reviews. 2025;77(4):100058. ↗
  8. Wang Y, et al. Efficacy of GLP-1-based Therapies on Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2025;110(10):2964-2979. ↗
  9. Moiz A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2025;178(2):199-217. ↗
  10. Zhou Q, et al. Weight Loss Blockbuster Development: A Role for Unimolecular Polypharmacology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2025;65(1):191-213. ↗
  11. Drucker DJ, et al. Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(11):1873-1888. ↗
  12. Panou T, et al. Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 2026. ↗
  13. Viebahn GK, et al. Retatrutide improves steatohepatitis in an accelerated mouse model of diet-induced steatohepatitis with a fructose binge. American Journal of Physiology — Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2025. ↗
  14. Nicze M, et al. Resistant and Refractory Obesity: The Complexity of Anti-Obesity Therapy Failure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026;27(6):2539. ↗
  15. Malandris K, et al. Pharmacologic Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in the Context of Type 2 Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reports. 2026. ↗